英语资源网:2010年英语四级词汇部分的提高讲义总结[1]

2011年12月06日 04时20分，《英语资源网:2010年英语四级词汇部分的提高讲义总结[1]》由查字典出国留学网英语编辑整理.

第一部分：大学英语四级机考介绍

听力理解 大意、重要细节 多项选择 25% 70% 单词、词组 听写 10% 听力综合 语法结构 填空、选择 10% 句子跟读 口语 10% 写总结或评论 段落写作 15% 快速阅读 仔细阅读 20% 30%

第二部分：词汇基础

一、单词记忆方法

1.遗忘发生的规律：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线图

2.及时复习记忆单词

3.遗忘的原因：干扰（interference）还是消退（decay）？

前摄抑制与倒摄抑制

4.黑白记忆法

5.利用构词法提高记忆效率

6.少食多餐

7.联想记忆

8.集中强化学习英语的作用

Give a man a fish and he eats for a day.

Teach him how to fish and he eats for a lifetime.

二、单词的辐射作用

一）单词在写作中的作用

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags

1） 一次性塑料袋曾广为使用

2） 由此带来的问题

3） 限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义

A serious problem our country has been faced with is the widespread use of disposable plastic bags in the past. These bags could be seen everywhere， from restaurants to department stores， and from university campuses to school children’s playgrounds.

It goes without saying that these bags have brought about a wide variety of problems. In the first place， they pollute our environment because， as everyone knows， it takes the bags hundreds of years to disintegrate. Meanwhile， they emit dangerous gases when burned. In the second place， it is a huge waste if we do not use these bags again. This goes against the grains of “sustainable development”。 Last but not least， these bags make our cities dirty， which is the reason why they are called “white pollution”。

We can benefit a lot from limiting the use of these bags. First of all， a lot of natural resources will be saved if fewer plastic bags are used. Furthermore， our environment will be made much more beautiful， which can help us to build a “harmonious society”。

The Digital Age

1） 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如……

2） 数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和生活产生的影响。

Nowadays， digital products are enjoying growing popularity among people. Take my own daily routine as an example. The first thing I do right after waking up is turn on my cell phone to see if there’s any new message. Then I turn on my

2011年12月06日 04时20分，《英语资源网:2010年英语四级词汇部分的提高讲义总结[1]》由查字典出国留学网英语编辑整理.

y computer to keep myself informed of the latest news. On my way to school， I listen to music on my iPod. At the end of the day， hardly have I got back to dormitory when I turn on my computer again to surf the internet.

Why are we so fond of those digital products which we didn’t possess one of two decades ago？ The answer is simple—they are doing us good; they are making our lives comfortable and convenient. As I have mentioned， the internet provides us with latest news much faster than newspapers; likewise， cell phone provides us with a convenient means to talk to the person we want wherever we are. To draw a conclusion， comfort and convenience， the two key words characterizing the trend of new inventions of modern times， are the main reasons for the wide-use of digital products.

二）单词在阅读中的作用

Section A

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century， but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t—we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even， as a nation， make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem， the less likely they are to be observed.

Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”， as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming， and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.

From 2003 to 2050， the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion， a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same， total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions （mainly， CO2） will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low， because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth， energy use and greenhouse emissions more t

2011年12月06日 04时20分，《英语资源网:2010年英语四级词汇部分的提高讲义总结[1]》由查字典出国留学网英语编辑整理.

han double by 2050.

No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom （limits on electricity usage， driving and travel） that might cut back global warming. Still， politicians want to show they’re “doing something”。 Consider the Kyoto Protocol（京都议定书）。 It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions （up about 25% since 1990）， and many signatories（签字国）didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.

The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster， the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

The trouble with the global warming debated is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem， we’re helpless.

1. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph？

A） It may not prove an environment crisis at all.

B） It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.

C） Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.

D） Very little will be done to bring it under control.

2. According to the author’s understanding， what is Al Gore’s view on global warming？

A） It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.

B） It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.

C） It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.

D） It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.

3. Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of __________.

A） economic growth B） wasteful use of energy

C） the widening gap between the rich and the poor

D） the rapid advances of science and technology

4. The author believes that， since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol， __________.

A） politicians have started to d

2011年12月06日 04时20分，《英语资源网:2010年英语四级词汇部分的提高讲义总结[1]》由查字典出国留学网英语编辑整理.

o something to better the situation

B） few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use

C） reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming

D） international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems 5. What is the message the author intends to convey？

A） Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.

B） The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.

C） The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthrough.

D） People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.

三）单词在听力中的作用

Section C

Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the _____1_____ will continue through the next few decades.

Crime rates have always been high in multicultural， industrialized societies such as the United States， but a new _____2_____ has appeared on the world _____3_____—rapid rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few _____4_____. Street crimes such as robbery， rape， _____5_____， and auto theft are clearly rising， _____6_____ in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the United Kingdom.

What is driving this crime _____7_____？ There are no simple answers. Still， there are certain conditions _____8_____ with rising crime： increasing heterogeneity（混杂）of populations， greater cultural pluralism， higher immigration， democratization of governments， _______________________9___________________________.

These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance， cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous（同种类的）， such as Japan， Denmark， and Greece， ___________________________________10______________________________________.

Multiculturalism can be a rewarding， enriching experience， but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first

2011年12月06日 04时20分，《英语资源网:2010年英语四级词汇部分的提高讲义总结[1]》由查字典出国留学网英语编辑整理.

century， and ______________________________11________________________________________.

1.trend 2.phenomenon 3.scene

4.offences/ offenses 5.murder 6.particularly

7.explosion 8.associated

9.changing national borders， greater economic growth， and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong

10.are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history

11.failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems

四）单词在翻译中的作用

1. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _____________（能应用于新技术的开发）。

2. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ________________ （一定出了毛病）with its operation system.

3. Leaving one’s job， _____________________（不管是什么工作）， is a difficult change， even for those who look forward to retiring.

4. ________________________（与我成长的地方相比）， this town is more prosperous and exciting.

5. _______________________ （直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.

1. can be applied to the development of new technology

2. must be wrong

3. no matter what job it is/ whatever job it is

4. Compared with/ In comparison with the place where I was brought up

5. Not until he had accomplished his mission

五）单词在完形中的作用

Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed ___67___ extending man‘s knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions ___68___ from university to university， according to the views of the people in ___69___ and according to the resources available.

The smaller and newer universities do not ___70___ the staff or equipment to carry out the ___71___ research projects possible in larger institutions. ___72___ most experts agree that some research activity is ___73___ to keep the staff and their students in ___74___ with the latest developments in their sub

2011年12月06日 04时20分，《英语资源网:2010年英语四级词汇部分的提高讲义总结[1]》由查字典出国留学网英语编辑整理.

jects.

Most students attend a university mainly to ___75___ the knowledge needed for their chosen ___76___. Educationists believe that this aim should not be the ___77___ one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women ___78___ judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge. For this reason， they ___79___ students to meet others with differing ___80___ and to read widely to ___81___ their understanding in many fields of study. ___82___ a secondary school course， a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own ___83___. He should be prepared to ___84___ sacrifices to study his chosen ___85___ in depth. He should have an ambition to make some ___86___ contribution to man’s knowledge.

67. A） at B） by C） to D） in

68. A） turns B） ranges C） moves D） varies

69. A） prospect B） place C） control D） favor

70. A） occupy B） possess C） involve D） spare

71. A） maximum B） medium C） virtual D） vast

72. A） But B） As C） While D） For

73. A） natural B） essential C） functional D） optional

74. A） coordination B） accordance C） touch D） grasp

75. A） acquire B） accept C） endure D） ensure

76. A） procession B） profession C） possession D） preference

77. A） typical B） true C） mere D） only

78. A） with B） under C） on D） through

79. A） prompt B） provoke C） encourage D） anticipate

80. A） histories B） expressions C） interests D） curiosities

81. A） broaden B） lengthen C） enforce D） specify

82. A） Amid B） After C） Over D） Upon

83. A） object B） course C） effect D） sake

84. A） take B） make C） suffer D） pay

85. A） field B） scope C） target D） goal

86. A） radical B） truthful C） meaningful D） initial

英语单词构词法

Example

internationalization

↑

internationalize

↑

internationalist， internationalism←international→internationality， internationally

↑

internationale←nation→nation-hood， nation-s

2011年12月06日 04时20分，《英语资源网:2010年英语四级词汇部分的提高讲义总结[1]》由查字典出国留学网英语编辑整理.

tate， nation-wide

↓

nationally， nationality←national→nationalize， nationalization， nationalism

↓

nationalist

↓

nationalistic

↓

nationalistically[ 结 束 ]

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