雅思阅读：定语从句分析

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1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries; the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.

要点：从内容上分析，which修饰 “the growth of knowledge”

图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。由于印刷术的发明，这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。

2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.

如果他们每个人都能予以信任承担这样的职责，并在他们所管辖的范围内发挥主动性，那么管理费用就会降低。

3. There are probably no question we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even that matter of consciousness.

迟早可能不存在我们想得出但解答不了的问题，甚至包括我们意识的问题。

4. The curtain was rung down in that phase of history, at least, by the sudden invention of the hydrogen bomb, of the ballistic missile and of rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon.

至少由于氢弹、弹道导弹和登月火箭出人意料地发明，那个历史时期宣告结束了。

5. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. (三个定语从句)

关于威德尔海豹特殊的生理机制，在实验室里对其进行的研究已作过详细的描述。该生理机制使海豹可以适应长时间潜水时出现的极度缺氧。海豹长时间潜水时最深可达水面以下500米，时间可持续70多分钟。

6. The renaissance of the feminist movement began during the 1950’s led to the Stasist school, which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar t the lives of women in the East.

20世纪50年代女权运动的复兴产生了斯塔西学派，这一学派回避好与坏的二分法，认为边境地区妇女和东部妇女过着同样的生活。

7. Tom, the book’s protagonist, took issue with a man who doted on his household pet yet, as a slave merchant, thought “nothing of separating the husband from the wife, the parents from the children”.

书中的主人公汤姆与一个人发生了争执。这人虽然爱家中的宠物。但作为一个奴隶贩子，却认为“拆散夫妻，让骨肉分离算不了什么”。

8. We are not conscious of the extent to which work provide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.

我们不了解工作给人们提供的能把充实的生活与空虚的生活区分开来的心理满足的程度有多大。

9. Thus, the unity that should characterize the strong system is developed by affording opportunity for diversity, which appears to be essential if education is to develop in consideration of the needs of children and youth.

因此，强大的教育体系所具备的统一性这一特点是通过提供各种机会来达到的。如果发展教育要考虑儿童和青年的需要，多种机会就显得至关重要。

10. Automobiles have been designed which operate on liquid hydrogen, but these system give rise to seemingly unavoidable problems arising from the handling of a cryogenic liquid.

虽然已经设计出液氢驱动的汽车，但是这些系统带来一些由怎样处理低温液体而引发的似乎难以回避的问题。

11. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

行为主义者的看法是：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中长大，而这些刺激物又能培养其作出适当的反应能力，那么他就会有比较高的智力发展水平。

12. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

虽然有多少个历史学家，就差不多有多少种历史学的定义，但现代史学家的实践大都趋向于这样一种定义，即历史学是旨在重现和解释过去重大事件的学科。

13. While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State’s territory, since in international law the territorial sea forms part of a State’s territory, it does represent the demarcation(分界，定界，界限)between that maritime area(internal waters) where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas (the territorial sea and other zones) where other States do enjoy certain general rights.

尽管这条分界线并不算是国家领土的外缘边界，但是，因为在国际法中领海也是国家领土的组成部分，它的确是其他国家在其内不享有一般权利的海区(内水域)与其他国家在其中享有某些一般权利的那些海区(领海及其他区域)之间的分界线。

14. He finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.

他发现原先比较容易教的学生现在踌躇不前了：原先比较容易教是因为他们能把教给他们的所有东西都付诸实践;现在踌躇是因为他们面对着大量的在基础教科书上所没有接触过的英语词汇和惯用法。

15. The reader who peruses (细读(正式)) with some attention the following pages will have occasion to see that both operational and mental aspects of physics have their place, but that neither should be stressed to the exclusion of the other.

读者如果略微仔细地阅读以下几页就会有理由认为，实验操作和思维在物理学中都具有一定的地位，因而不能强调一方而忽略另一方。

16. The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and its view, fueled in part by the agendists and the media, seems to be that judicial (司法的)decisions unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence or the law, will slow or change social directions.

公众对社会发展的前景不乐观，在议事人士和新闻媒体的某种鼓动下，公众的观点似乎是：不管证据或法律，司法判决对他们来说是不可接受的，这些判决将会延缓或者改变社会走向。

17. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish(痛苦) and travail(辛苦), among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.

我愿意利用这个时刻，利用这个举世瞩目的讲坛，向那些听到我讲话并已献身同一艰苦劳动的男女青年致敬。他们当中肯定有人迟早也会站到我现在所站的地方。

18. Our hope for creative living in this world house that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives in personal character and social justice.

我们希望富有创造性地生活在我们继承的这个世界家庭当中，这种希望存在于我们重新建立人类个性和社会公平方面的生活道德目标的能力之中。

19. From the very day of the capitulation, by which Bismark’s prisoners had signed the surrender of France but reserved to themselves a numerous bodyguard for the express purpose of cowing Paris, Paris stood on the watch.

从法国投降那一天起，巴黎就严加戒备，因为屈从于俾斯麦的法国政府签约投降时，保留了一支相当庞大的军事力量，目的是为了威胁恐吓巴黎。

20. When I’m having trouble with a story and think about giving up, or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me, I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way my mother did.

每当我写文章遇到困难想打退堂鼓时，或是自叹不走运时，我就往那台破旧的打字机里卷进一张纸，像妈妈当年一样，一个字一个字吃力地打着。

21. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?

举例来说，一个46岁的男子，在与家人外出度假之前进行常规体检。虽然他自我感觉良好，但医生发现他患了某种形式的癌症，不超过6个月就会死去。这时，医生该怎么对他讲呢?

22. Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache, I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe.

在午夜和黎明之间，每当我不能入睡，一切旧的创伤开始疼痛的时候，我常常想象未来世界的恶梦般的情景，在所有登记编号入册的亿万人民生活的这个拥护不堪的世界上，没有一处有一线天才的光芒、独创性的头脑和丰富多彩的个性。

23. It needs men who can be prompted without an aim except the aim to be on the move, to function, to go ahead.

社会需要这样的人：他们只为一种目标所激励，即积极行动、恪尽职守、奋发向上。

24. We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure.

我们生活在一个狭窄的世界里，我们必须对现实主义保持警觉并有所认识，现实主义要求有一个标准，不是达到这个标准，就是以失败告终。

25. We can expose our children to the best values we have found.

我们能够让孩子接受我们所发现的最佳价值观。

26. In short, you will act like the sort of person you conceive yourself to be.

简言之，你怎样去行动就看你怎样想象自己。

27. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.

对我们来说，一个成功者即代表个人又是社会的一份子，他的真实表现是可信、可靠、机敏、真诚。

28. Those most loved invariably those who have the capacity for believing in others.

那些信任别人的人总是最受人爱戴的。

29. Americans who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents’ eyelids in death, and who have experienced the death provided by two world wars fought far from our shores are today pushing away from them both a recognition of death and a recognition of the way we live our lives.

上溯到美国人的先辈，他们都有撇下了亲人，不能替逝去的父母合上眼睑的痛楚。而如今的美国人在体验了远离我们大陆的两次世界大战造成的死亡以后，不论是对死亡的认识，还是对我们的生活方式的认识，都一概不在意了。

30. Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought the goal of life was the unfolding of a person’s potentialities: what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who have much or uses much.

当然，18、19世纪的人文思想家们，他们是我们意识形态领域的先辈，他们认为人生的目的就是充分展示个人潜在的能力。对于他们来说，重要的是人本身的价值，而并非占有和使用才是人的价值。

31. How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly the essential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression, the quiver of a muscle, the flutter of a hand.

对于你们能用眼睛观察事物的人，通过观察那些难以捉摸的表情，观察肌肉的颤抖和挥动的手势，就能迅速捕捉一个人的基本特征，该是十分容易和更令人满足的事情。

32. Her woebegone expression, her hang-dog manner, her over-anxiousness to please, or perhaps her unconscious hostility towards those she anticipated will affront her-all act to drive away those whom she would attract.

他本来可以吸引很多人，只因她那副愁眉苦脸的表情，自觉做错事的样子，急于讨好别人的举动，或者也许是她以为别人会有意使她难堪而产生的下意识的敌意，往往把人吓跑。

33. There is a very long list of such “perhapses”, few of which we are in a position to evaluate with any degree of assurance.

我们可以将这类“也许”排满一张长长的单子，其中，我们能够有把握加以评估的却很少。

34. If marriage exists only as an intimate relationship that can be terminated at will, and family exists only by virtue of bonds of affection, both marriage and family are relegated to the marketplace of trading places, with individuals maximizing their psychological capital by moving through a series of more or less satisfying intimate relationships.

如果婚姻只是一种可以任意终结的亲密关系，而家庭只是靠爱情的纽带来维持，那么婚姻和家庭则沦为可以自由买卖的市场，每个人都可以穿梭于一系列或多或少会让自己心满意足的亲密关系，从而使自己的心理资本得到最大的增值。

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