2012GRE备考：GRE作文范文大全（17）

本文主要讲解GRE作文相关内容，希望能帮助童鞋们提高写作能力。查字典出国留学网编辑部敬上。

Whether our most successful business leaders are the ones who embrace these additional

obligations depends, of course, on one's own definition of business success. In my

observation, as business leaders become subject to closer scrutiny by the media and by social

activists, business leaders will maximize profits in the long term only by taking reasonable

steps to minimize the social and environmental harm their businesses cause. This observation

also accords with my personal view of a business leader's ethical and moral obligation.

In the political realm the issue is no less complex. Definitions of successful political

leadership and of ethical or moral leadership are tied up in the means a leader uses to wield

his or her power and to obtain that power in the first place. One useful approach is to draw a

distinction between personal morality and public morality. In my observation personal morality

is unrelated to effective political leadership. Modern politics is replete with examples of what

most people would consider personal ethical failings: the marital indiscretions of President

Kennedy, for instance. Yet few would disagree that these personal moral choices adversely

affected his ability to lead.

In contrast, pubhc morality and successful leadership are more closely connected. Consider

the many leaders, such as Stalin and Hitler, whom most people would agree were egregious

violators of public morality. Ultimately such leaders forfeit their leadership as a result of the

immoral means by which they obtained or wielded their power. Or consider less egregious

examples such as President Nixon, whose contempt for the very legal system that afforded

him his leadership led to his forfeiture of it. It seems that in the short term unethical public

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behavior might serve a political leader's interest in preserving his or her power; yet in the long

term such behavior invariably results in that leader's down- fall that is, in failure.

One must also consider a third type of leadership: social-spiritual. Consider notable figures

such as Gandhi and Martin Luther King, whom few would disagree were eminently successful

in leading others to practice the high ethical and moral standards which they advocated.

However, I would be hard-pressed to name one successful social or spiritual leader whose

leadership was predicated on the advocacy of patently unethical or immoral behavior. The

reason for this is simple: high standards for one's own public morality are prerequisites for

successful social-spiritual leadership.

In sum, history informs us that effective political and social-spiritual leadership requires

adherence to high standards of public morality. However, when it comes to business

leadership the relationship is less clear; successful business leaders must strike a balance

between achieving profit maximization and fulfilling their broader obligation to the society,

which comes with the burden of such leadership. 感谢您阅读《GRE作文范文大全（17） 》一文，查字典出国留学网()编辑部希望本文能帮助到您。本文主要讲解GRE作文相关内容，希望能帮助童鞋们提高写作能力。查字典出国留学网编辑部敬上。

Issue 26

"While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to

a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for

leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."

Which is a better way to prepare young people for leadership: developing in them a spirit of

competitiveness or one of cooperation? The speaker favors the latter approach, even though

some leaders attribute their success to their keenly developed competitive spirit. I tend to

agree with the speaker, for reasons having to do with our increasingly global society, and with

the true keys to effective leadership.

The chief reason why we should stress cooperation in nurturing young people today is that,

as tomorrow's leaders, they will face pressing societal problems that simply cannot be solved

apart from cooperative international efforts. For example, all nations will need to cooperate in

an effort to disarm themselves of weapons of mass destruction; to reduce harmful emissions

which destroy ozone and warm the Earth to dangerous levels; to reduce consumption of the

Earth's finite natural resources; and to cure and prevent diseases before they become global

epidemics. Otherwise, we all risk self-destruction. In short, global peace, economic stability,

and survival of the species provide powerful reasons for developing educational paradigms

that stress cooperation over competition.

A second compelling reason for instilling in young people a sense of cooperation over

competition is that effective leadership depends less on the latter than the former. A leader

should show that he or she values the input of subordinates--for example, by involving them in

decisions about matters in which they have a direct stake. Otherwise, subordinates might grow 感谢您阅读《GRE作文范文大全（17） 》一文，查字典出国留学网()编辑部希望本文能帮助到您。本文主要讲解GRE作文相关内容，希望能帮助童鞋们提高写作能力。查字典出国留学网编辑部敬上。

to resent their leader, and become unwilling to devote themselves wholeheartedly to the

leader's mission. In extreme cases they might even sabotage that mission, or even take their

useful ideas to competitors. And after all, without other people worth leading a person cannot

be a leader let alone an effective one.

A third reason why instilling a sense of cooperation is to be preferred over instilling a sense

of competition is that the latter serves to narrow a leader's focus on thwarting the efforts of

31

competitors. With such tunnel vision it is difficult to develop other, more creative means of

attaining organizational objectives. Moreover, such means often involve synergistic solutions

that call for alliances, partnerships, and other cooperative efforts with would-be competitors.

Those who would oppose the speaker might point out that a thriving economy depends on a

freely competitive business environment, which ensures that consumers obtain high-quality

goods and services at low prices. Thus key leadership positions, especially in business,

inherently call for a certain tenacity and competitive spirit. And, a competitive spirit seems

especially critical in today's hyper-competitive technology-driven economy, where any leader

f~iling to keep pace with ever-changing business and technological paradigms soon fails by

the wayside. However, a leader's effectiveness as a competitor is not necessarily inconsistent

with his or her ability to cooperate with subordinates or with competitors, as noted above.

In sum, ifwe were to take the speaker's advice too far we would risk becoming a world

without leaders, who are bred of a competitive spirit. We would also risk the key benefits of a

free-market economy. Nevertheless, on balance I agree that it is more important to instill in

young people a sense of cooperation than one of competition. The speaker's preference

properly reflects the growing role of cooperative alliances and efforts in solving the world's

most pressing problems. After all, in a world in which our very survival as a species depends

on cooperation, the spirit of even healthy competition, no matter how healthy, is of little value to

any of us.

Issue 27

"Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect---that is, on reasoning and other

cognitive skills."

The speaker asserts that society should place more emphasis on intellect and cognition.

While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feelings, on

balance I agree that it is by way of our heads rather than our hearts that we can best ensure

the well-being of our society. 感谢您阅读《GRE作文范文大全（17） 》一文，查字典出国留学网()编辑部希望本文能帮助到您。

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