1. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans'theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church important subjects that we may not neglect.

【分析】复合句。句中的两个不定式短语To take和 to start with...分别作主句的主语和宾语;破折号后的内容补充说明 theological innovations and distinctive ideas，其中包含that引导的定语从句，修饰subjects。

【译文】以这种方法看待新英格兰人通常意味着从这些清教徒的神学变革和他们关于教堂的与众不同的理念入手这些是我们不容忽视的重要主题。

【拓展】动词短语take a/anapproach to sth.意思是对采用...方法/态度。

2. More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.

【分析】复合句。句子的主干为the researchers discovered that...,其中that引导的从句作宾语。宾语从句中despite引出的介词短语作让步状语。句首while +分词短语结构是省略主语和系动词的状语从句while the researchers were examining

【译文】最近，研究者在调查房屋建筑业时发现，尽管建筑行业的工作非常复杂，但是德克萨斯州休斯顿市的那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却总是能达到劳动生产率的最高标准。

【拓展】1)illiterate意为文盲的，是literate有读写能力的，识字的的反义词。2)despite用作介词，意思是不管，尽管其后跟名词(短语)。

状语从句中的省略

在以when, while, as, once, whenever引导的时间状语从句、if，unless引导的条件状语从句、as,asif, as though引导的方式状语从句、though, although, even if, even though 引导状语从句、wherever引导的地点状语从句中，常常省略与主句相同的主语(或作主语的代词it)和be动词，剩下名词、形容词(短语)、介词短语、不定式或分词。

3. And since these messages have an agenda to lure us to open our wallets they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.

【分析】复合句。破折号之前是since引导的原因状语从句;破折号中间是不定式短语作agenda的同位语，破折号之后是主句。

【译文】由于这样的信息都有一个目的：诱惑我们打开钱包，所以它们使幸福的概念本身显得虚假。

4. Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.

【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为Dr. Myers and Dr.Worm argue that, that引导宾语从句。宾语从句中又含有which引导的定语从句修饰先行词baseline。定语从句中which 作take的宾语,构成 take sth. into account。

【译文】迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆傅士指出他们的工作给出了一个正确的基线，未来的管理工作必须对此加以考虑。

【拓展】take sth. into account考虑到。此外，相同意义的表达还有 take sth. into consideration;allowing for sth. ; in view of sth. ; have sth. in mind等。